USO DE PSICOESTIMULANTES POR ACADÊMICOS DE MEDICINA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46311/2318-0579.55.eUJ2642Abstract
RESUMO
O uso de psicoestimulantes por acadêmicos de medicina é frequente, em sua maioria objetivando a melhora do desempenho e amenização do esgotamento mental causados por horas de estudo prolongado. Esta revisão integrativa objetivou identificar e analisar a dinâmica do consumo dessas substâncias entre os estudantes. Sete recursos informacionais bibliográficos, excluindo fontes da literatura cinzenta, foram consultados. Seis estudos foram incluídos. Os resultados indicam que os países predominantes de origem do autor principal foram os EUA e Brasil, com duas referências cada (66,7%), e a área do conhecimento predominante do primeiro autor foi a medicina (100%). Os artigos selecionados apontaram que dentre os psicoestimulantes, os mais utilizados são as anfetaminas: metilfenidato, cafeína e modafinil. Fica explícito que o excesso de obrigações curriculares do curso predispõe como um fator de risco ao desenvolvimento de desequilíbrio emocional nos estudantes, aumentando as chances desses cometerem suicídio. Reitera-se a necessidade de atenção dos gestores das instituições superiores sobre o tema, pouco explorado pelas diretrizes nacionais do curso. Em conclusão confirma-se que o uso indiscriminado de psicoestimulantes se dá devido aos estudantes não conseguirem lidar com os desafios do curso, além das substâncias serem facilmente disponibilizadas na comunidade acadêmica.
Palavras-chave: Medicina. Estudantes. Estimulante do Sistema Nervoso Central. Anfetaminas. Metilfenidato. Central Nervous System Stimulants.
ABSTRACT
The use of psychostimulants by medical students is frequent, most of them aimed at improving the performance and easing of mental exhaustion caused by hours of prolonged study. This integrative review aimed to identify and analyze the dynamics of the use of these substances among students. Seven bibliographic information resources, excluding gray literature sources, were consulted. Six studies were included. The results indicate that the predominant countries of origin of the main author were the USA and Brazil, with two references each (66.7%), and the predominant area of knowledge of the first author was medicine (100%). The articles selected indicated that among the psychostimulants, the most used are amphetamines: methylphenidate, caffeine and modafinil. It is explicit that the excess of curricular obligations of the course predisposes as a risk factor to the development of emotional imbalance in the students, increasing the chances of these committing suicide. It reiterates the need for attention of the managers of the higher institutions on the subject, little explored by the national guidelines of the course. In conclusion it is confirmed that the indiscriminate use of psychostimulants occurs because students can not cope with the challenges of the course, besides the substances are easily available in the academic community.
Keywords: Medicine. Students. Central Nervous System Stimulants. Amphetamines. Methylphenidate.
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